The Burbank High School show choir, which was the basis for the television series Glee, has been involved in a long running copyright litigation battle waged by Tresona Multimedia, LLC (“Tresona”). A significant decision was published earlier today by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which is embedded below. This is a fact intensive post, so please read closely.

Summary: Tresona is a music licensing company. Burbank (Ca.) High School has several show choirs. In 2017, Tresona filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Brett Carroll, the Burbank HS choir director, the Burbank HS Vocal Music Association Boosters Club, several Booster Club parents. Why the plaintiff chose to name the individuals, particularly the Booster Club parents, is a mystery.

All of the facts that follow are integral to the result that the Court reached: The performers are Burbank High School students. Because the costs of the ensemble are not covered by the School District’s budget, the Boosters Club (a 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization) holds several fundraising concerts. One of these is an annual show choir competition. The Boosters sell tickets and advertisements in the programs for these events.

During one particular such fundraiser, one of the Burbank HS choirs performed a two minute excerpt of “Magic”, by Olivia Newtown-John. Burbank’s performance of “Magic” was contained in a medley of other songs. Similarly, Burbank HS performed a sixteen second excerpt of “(I’ve Had) the Time of My Life” by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warner, which runs four minutes and twenty two seconds in total.